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KMID : 1207720210130010037
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Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
2021 Volume.13 No. 1 p.37 ~ p.46
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Culture-Expanded Autologous Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
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Yoon Pil-Whan
Kang Jong-Yeal
Kim Chul-Ho
Lee Soong-Joon
Yoo Jeong-Joon
Kim Hee-Joong
Kang Sung-Keun
Min Ju-Hyeon
Yoon Kang-Sup
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Abstract
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Backgroud: Outcomes of traditional treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) are not always satisfactory. Hence, cell-supplementation therapy has been attempted to facilitate necrotic-tissue regeneration. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) transplantation is potentially advantageous over bone marrow-derived MSC implantation, but its outcomes for ONFH remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine 2-year radiological and clinical outcomes of culture-expanded autologous ADMSC implantation for ONFH.
Methods: Eighteen hips with necrotic lesions involving ≥ 30% of the femoral head were included. ADMSCs were harvested by liposuction and culture expanded for 3 passages over 3 weeks. With a 6-mm single drilling, ADMSCs were implanted into the necrotic zone. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) at screening and 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was the change in the size of necrotic area on MRI. Secondary outcomes were changes in clinical scores and radioisotope uptake on SPECT/CT. Conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) was defined as the endpoint.
Results: Preoperatively, the necrotic lesion extent was 63.0% (38.4%?96.7%) of the femoral head. The mean Harris hip score was 89.2, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score was 5.6, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis index (WOMAC) was 79.4. Three patients underwent THA and 1 patient died in an accident. Finally, 11 patients (14 hips) were available for ≥ 2-year follow-up. At the last follow-up, no surgery-related complications occurred, and 14 of 17 hips (82%) were able to perform daily activities without THA requirement. There was no significant decrease in lesion size between any 2 intervals on MRI. However, widening of high signal intensity bands on T2-weighted images inside the necrotic lesion was observed in 9 of 14 hips (64%); 11 of 14 hips (79%) showed increased vascularity on SPECT/CT at 2 years postoperatively. No significant differences were observed between preoperative and 24-month mean Harris hip score (89.2 vs. 88.6), WOMAC (79.4 vs. 75.7), and UCLA score (5.6 vs. 6.2).
Conclusions: Our outcomes suggest that culture-expanded ADMSC implantation is a viable option for ONFH treatment without adverse events.
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KEYWORD
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Osteonecrosis of the femoral head, Stem cell, Core decompression, Lesion size, Magnetic resonance imaging
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